Marine and Coastal Structures Construction.Bridging over Underground Voids and Sinkholes.For liquid dairy manure (TS = 0.71%), geotextile filtration reduced the total influent volume to less than 1%, concentrated the solids and nutrients in the dewatered material 16 to 21 times greater than the influent, and retained 38.4% of TS, 25.8 % of TAN, and 45.0 % of TP, making this an effective liquid‐solid separation technique. Despite relatively high MRE values for liquid swine manure (70.2 % of TS, 65.1 % of TAN, and 75.7 % of TP), geotextile filtration was ineffective as a primary liquid‐solid separation, with 60.3 % of the total influent volume remaining. Geotextile filtration was also effective in dewatering and concentrating the sludges by highly concentrating the retained solids, it reduced the total influent sludge volume requiring disposal to less than 18.5%.
After three fill‐dewater cycles, geotextile filtration performed similarly for the sludges, retaining an average 87.6 % of total solids (TS), 58.4 % of total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN), and 86.7 % total phosphorous (TP). Hanging‐bag performance was evaluated by: (1) determining solids and plant nutrient mass retention efficiencies (MRE), (2) quantifying the overall volume reduction, and (3) characterizing the dewatered manure. A geotextile filtration testing method termed a hanging‐bag test was used to treat dairy lagoon sludge, swine lagoon sludge, liquid dairy manure, and liquid swine manure. Until local disposal or nutrient recycling options become available, sludges can be contained, dewatered, and stored using geotextile filtration. Maintenance and control of liquid levels in anaerobic lagoons and storage ponds is enhanced by pretreatment with liquid‐solid separation or periodic removal of accumulated sludges. In order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the system, this study characterized 15ĪBSTRACT. The use of geotextile tubes and flocculants are well established in literature and practice, and although many studies have been carried out on sediment-flocculent interactions, few studies have considered role of sediment properties on its interactions with geotextile tubes, sedimentation behavior, compressibility of the sediments, and filtration within the context of geotextile tube dewatering. In doing so, the flocculants promote aggregation of the particulates, which increases the sedimentation rate and allows for water to drain more freely and quickly through the porous geotextile. Typically, dredged material is mixed with flocculants such as polyacrylamide (PAM), and then pumped into geotextile tubes. Dewatering may be achieved with the aid of high strength synthetic textiles, such as geotextiles, which may be sewn lengthwise to form a geotextile tube. The United Stated Corps of Engineers estimate about 8.5x109 ft3 of dredged sediments are removed annually in order to keep waterways functional. and abroad, given the vast amounts that need to be dewatered annually. The dewatering of low percent solids wastes from tailings ponds, harbors, and waterways presents a challenge in the U.S. Recently, geotextiles in the form of tubes and bags (or, geosynthetic containers) have been successfully used in various environmental protection facilities, such as underwater breakwat. Sci., 5(7): 1-6, 2011 3 sand containers find their application as construction elements for erosion control, bottom scour protection and scour fill, artificial reefs, groynes, dams, seawalls, revetments and dune reinforcement. In recent years, geotextile container technology has experienced an increasing growth leading to successful projects. (Koerner and Koerner, 2006 Muthukumaran and Ilamparuthi, 2006 Saathoff, et al. The first trials with sandbags made of synthetic textiles were initiated 50 years ago in the USA, the Netherlands and in Germany an etc. Other applications for geosynthetics in civil engineering grew from these beginnings. Geotextile Wraparound Revetments (GWRs): Geotextile applications were initiated in the area of coastal and hydraulic engineering.
#Submerge breakwater geotube crack#
Eventually, after 2 months such a progressive crack leads to structural collapsing. It should be mentioned that first cracking appeared after 18 months. ows the factor of safety reduction during the structure lifetime.